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Haji Bektash Veli
Haji Bektash Veli or Ḥājī Baktāsh Walī ((ペルシア語: حاجی بکتاش ولی ) ''Ḥājī Baktāš Walī''; (トルコ語:Hacı Bektaş Veli)) was an Alevi Muslim mystic, Sayyid, humanist and philosopher from Nishapur in Khorasan, Persia (Iran),〔Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition. ed. Gibb, Kramers, Schacht. Vol. I, A-B. Brill, Leiden, 1986. Pg. 1162, "Bektāshiyya"〕〔Sayyed Hossein Nasr, Sufi Essays, SUNY Press, 1972, p. 117: ''"() the Baktashi order, founded by a Khurasani, Hajji Baktash, who after fleeing from the Tatars found numerous disciples among the Persians and Anatolian Turks ()"''〕 who lived and taught from approximately 1209 to 1271 in Anatolia.〔C. Olsen: Celibacy and Religious Traditions. Oxford University Press. 1st Ed. 2007. (Pg. 143–144 )〕 He is revered among Alevis for an Islamic understanding that is esoteric (spiritual), rational, progressive and humanistic. Alevi and Bektashi Muslims believe the path of Haji Bektash is the path of Ali ibn Abu Talib, since Ali was the source of Bektash's teachings. His original name was "Sayyeed Muhammad ibn Sayyeed Ebrāheem Ātā", was one of the figures who flourished in the Sultanate of Rum and had an important influence on the Turkoman nomads of Asia Minor.〔Alexēs G. K. Savvidēs, ''Byzantium in the Near East: Its Relations with the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in Asia Minor, The Armenians of Cilicia and The Mongols, A.D. c. 1192-1237'', Kentron Vyzantinōn Ereunōn, 1981, (p. 116. )〕 He is also referred to as ''the Sultan of Hearts''〔http://teqeamerica.com/articles/article1/〕 and ''the Derwish of the Derwishes''.〔http://bektashiorder.com/from-the-vilayetname〕 Haji Bektash Veli was a descendant of the 7th Shi'a Imam Musa Kazim.
== His identity ==
Not much is known about him, his origins are shrouded in mystery and much of his biography is based on legends.〔 It is assumed that he was of Turkish〔Brian Glyn Williams: Mystics, Nomads and Heretics: A History of the Diffusion of Muslim Syncretism from Central Asia to the Thirteenth-Century Turco-Byzantine Dobruca — International journal of Turkish studies, 2001 - University of Wisconsin (p. 7)〕〔Richard Robert Madden, ''The Turkish Empire:In its relations with Christianity and civilization.'', Vol.1, 335; "''...he sent them to Haji Bektash, a Turkish saint...''".〕〔Indries Shah, ''The Way of the Sufi'', 294; "''..Bektash of the Turks...''".〕〔Mark Soileau, ''Humanist Mystics:Nationalism and the commemoration of saints in Turkey'', 375; "''Haji Bektash was a Turk.''".〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Alevi Identity: Cultural, Religious and Social Perspectives )〕〔University of Georgia, Islam and Islamic Studies Resources, ''Islamic Studies, Islam, Arabic, and Religion page of Dr. Godlas.'', "''..Haji Bektash Veli is one of the most significant Anatolian (Turkish) Sufi saints..''", http://islam.uga.edu/sufismorders.html#Bektashi.〕〔''Futuwwa Traditions in the Ottoman Empire Akhis, Bektashi Dervishes, and Craftsmen'',G. G. Arnakis, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 12, No. 4, Oct., 1953. --"''...we see at once a man that made a lasting impression on his fellow Turks.''"〕 or Iranian descent,〔〔M. Kia: Daily Life in the Ottoman Empire. Greenwood Pub Group Inc. 2011. Pg. 169: ''"The Bektashis traced the origins of their order to the Persian Sufi master Hadji Baktāsh Wālī ()"''〕〔http://www.geocities.ws/spiritofalbania/tirana.html〕〔R. Khanam, Encyclopaedic ethnography of Middle-East and Central Asia, Global Vision Publishing Ho, 2005 (p. 142)〕〔The Harvard Theological Review, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 2, No. 3, Jul., 1909, (p. 343)〕 and belonged to a group of Iranian migrants in Anatolia who had left their homeland during the Mongol conquests.〔 According to "The history of Āshikpāshāzādah" ''(Aşıkpaşazade Tarihi),'' written by one of the grandsons of "Āshik Pāshā" who was the son of "Muhlis Paşa" ''(Muhlees Pāshā)'' who was the son of renowned Bābā Eliyās al-Khorāsānī, "Sayyeed Muhammad ibn Sayyeed Ebrāheem Ātā" had come to Sivas, Anatolia from Khorasan with his brother “Menteş” ''(Mantash)'' to become affiliated with the tariqat of Bābā Eliyās al-Khorāsānī. On the other hand, the famous reference book of Bāktāsh’īyyah tariqat, ''Valāyat-Nāma-i Hādjī Baktāsh-ī Wālī,'' claims that "Hajji Bāktāsh" was the murshid of Bābā Rāss’ūl-Allāh ''(Bābā Eliyās al-Khorāsānī)''.〔Balcıoğlu, Tahir Harimi, ''Mezhep cereyanları - Madh'hab movements,'' p. 184, Ahmed Said tab’ı, Hilmi Ziya neşriyâtı, 1940.〕
The name attributed to him by his followers can be translated as "The Pilgrim Saint Bektash." The ''Hajji'' title implies that he had made the pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina to perform Hajj. He is the eponym of the Bektashi Sufi order and is considered as one of the principal teachers of Alevism. According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam, the "center and source of his teachings" was Ali ibn Abu Talib, whom Alevis believe to be the righteous successor of Muhammad while also "acknowledging the twelve Shia Imams" and "holding Jafar as-Sadiq in high esteem".〔 Despite his Shia belief and his unorthodox teachings, he is considered a renowned figure in the history and culture of both, the Ottoman Empire and the modern nation-state Turkey. On the other hand, Ibn Khallikan reports that Shī'ite tendencies belonged not to him but rather to his murids, who took refuge in his tekke at ''Suluca Kara Oyuk'' in Kırşehir after the Babai Revolt.〔Ibn Khallikan, ''Shakāyik.''〕
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